Manic and depressive symptom exacerbation as a function of interaction of dysfunctional attitudes with life events
The aim of this study was to investigate the congruency hypothesis, that exacerbations in manic and depressive symptoms, are a function of interaction of interpersonal or achievement dysfunctional attitudes with life events in congruent domains. Forty-nine Individuals with bipolar I (n = 40) and bipolar II (n = 9) disorders, participated in a longitudinal study of life events, using Life Events and Difficulties Schedule (LEDS; Brown & Harris, 1978). LEDS was conducted at 6 and 12-months. Dysfunctional attitudes (achievement, interpersonal, and goal attainment) were measured at study entry, after sad and after happy mood inductions using Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (short –form; DAS-24). Mixed models analysis with autoregressive correlation AR1 was used. Internal State Scale (ISS) activation score assessed monthly was the dependent variable; DAS-24 achievement dysfunctional attitudes and number of achievement life events were the independent variables. The interaction of DAS-24 (achievement after happy induction) and achievement events at lag 3 months was a significant predictor of activation (p = .001), after inclusion of baseline activation scores, and medication compliance, to the model. Using BDI assessed monthly as a dependent measure of depressive symptoms, the interaction of DAS-24 (interpersonal after sad induction) and interpersonal events at lag 2 months, was marginally significant after inclusion of BDI at baseline, and medication compliance (p = .06). The interaction effects showed however, that the slope of BDI and activation scores decreased as a function of number of life events at higher levels of dysfunctional attitudes. In conclusion, although the results were significant, the trends were opposite to the expected directions. Results are discussed in light of theory, analyses employed, and mood induction.